NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE
2020_2 EXAMINATION
Course Code: EHS419
Course Title: Sanitary Engineering
Course Units: 2 Credit Units
Time Allowed: 2 Hours
Total Score: 70 Marks
Instructions: Answer all the questions
Question 1:
(a) It is often said that there are two sides to a coin, meaning that anything that
has merits has demerits, also. Storm water run-off is a threat by the flooding
and erosion it causes. In what ways can sanitary engineers utilize storm
water as an asset? (10 marks)
(b)Ventilated improved pit latrine, as the name suggests, should give better
service than the ordinary pit latrine.
(i) List all the components of a VIP latrine. (10 marks)
(ii) Mention two (2) sanitary advantages that the VIP latrine confers? (5 marks)
(c) Mention any five (5) challenges that the WC latrine system face in Nigeria (5
marks).
Question 2:
(a) Owning to rapidly increasing population, many Nigerian towns and
communities can be said to be rapidly urbanizing. Identify any five (5)
environmental threats arising from urbanization in Nigeria. (10 marks).
(b) An environmental health officer must be wary of the fact that as modern
society deploy and consume advanced technology, hazardous wastes must
result.
(i) Mention the four (4) characteristics distinguishing hazardous wastes. (8 marks)
(ii) Give one (1) example of a hazardous waste under each characteristic
mentioned above. (2 marks)Question 3:
(a) Potable water is an important every-day need of all. State the major stages or
processes in a conventional public water treatment plant. (10 marks).
(b)Assume you are the Environmental Health Officer in charge of an urban district
with a large industrial layout. Supposing you receive a report that “toxic waste”
was found within the precinct of the industrial layout. State five (5) methods of
toxic/hazardous waste disposal that you may consider adopting. (10 marks)
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