Question

Which is incorrect about the extracellular fluid?

Question

Total body water is measured by ……………..

Question

Interstitial fluids can be -----

Question

The exchange of water, electrolytes and hydrogen ions between the various body compartments is achieved by the ----

Question

Normal erythrocytes have ------

Question

In the adult red blood cell production occurs in the all the following except-----

Question

A committed stem cell that produces erythrocytes is called ___

Question

At what stage of red blood cell development is basophil erythroblast?

Question

The total number of red blood cells remains relatively constant due to ___

Question

Which is incorrect about neutrophils?

Question

All are correct about platelets except ___

Question

Plasma is composed of ___

Question

The plasma of each blood group contains ___

Question

The blood group of an individual negative Anti-A and positive Anti B will be ___

Question

The main dominant antigen is ___

Question

Which blood group can receive from every other group?

Question

The final sealing of the cut in the blood vessel is ___

Question

Innate immunity involves ___

Question

The most numerous T- lymphocytes are the ___

 

Question

The direct action of antibodies during immunity is carried out in which of the following ways?

Question

T-lymphocyte function may be suppressed by ___

Question

The important interleukin secreted by the Helper T cell include the following except ___

Question

Which lymphocytes are capable of directly killing microorganism?

Question

The following are mechanisms of direct action of antibodies except ___

Question

The principle actors of the complement system of immune response include ___

Question

The pathway of enzyme activation that requires antigen-antibody complexes is called ___

Question

The human circulation is divided into ___

Question

Most arteries carry oxygenated blood except ___

Question

Exchange of nutrients between blood and tissues occurs in ___

Question

Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs enters heart through ___

Question

Gaseous exchange in the lungs occur in the ___

Question

The valve at the entrance of right atrium into right ventricle is ___

Question

Concerning cardiac muscle cells, which of these statements is incorrect?

Question

Types of membrane junctions in intercalated discs of cardiac muscles cells are ___

Question

Membrane permeability to calcium is increased at what phase of action potential of cardiac muscle cells?

Question

The resting membrane potential in sinoatrial node is ___

Question

The cardiac cycle is divided into two main phases -

Question

About 75 percent of blood entering the ventricles does so by

Question

Events occurring during the diastole part of cardiac cycle include all except ---

Question

Waves and complexes in normal sinus rhythm seen on electrocardiogram include which of the following?

Question

The P wave is caused by ------

Question

The sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart is innervated by the ___

Question

Variations in cardiac output can be produced by changes in the ___

 

Question

Peripheral factors in the maintenance of blood pressure include all except

Question

Clinically, arterial blood pressure is measured indirectly by using a ___

Question

One of these is not a type of circulatory shock:

Question

Which cellular organelles are formed by breaking off from the Golgi apparatus?

Question

Which of these systems is most involved in the body’s immune response?

Question

Cartilages are part of which system?

Question

The components of action potential include all the following except ___

Question

Organs are made up of aggregation of ……………

Question

Cells are held together by……………….. supporting structures

Question

Aside water, the most abundant substances in most cells is ……………

Question

The nucleus is the repository of ………… information for the whole body

Question

…………….. is a jelly-like fluid between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane

Question

Mitochondria contain …………… similar to that found in the nucleus

Question

Peroxisome contain ………….. which causes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

Question

The accepted model concept of the structure of the cell membrane is that of a ……………..model

Question

Energy that is utilized for active transport is obtained from …………………. hydrolysis

Question

Secondary active transport is also known as ……………….. co- transport

Question

The pressure necessary to prevent solvent migration is the ………….. of the solution

Question

Process of ingestion of substances by the cell is termed ……………….

Question

Phagocytosis literally means ---------------

Question

The only means by which most large macromolecules enter cells is by …………….

Question

Carbohydrates are made of ……………… linked together

Question

…………………… is responsible for blood clotting

Question

The most abundant protein in invertebrates is ………………

Question

……………..serve the purpose of providing the organism with its genetic blueprint and coding

Question

The endocrine system consists of organs that secret …………. to the bloodstreams

Question

The liver makes nutrients available to the tissues both for their growth, repair and for the production of ………………….

Question

The mechanism by which the body maintains conditions within particular limits is ……………….

Question

The overall childbirth process is ………………..loop

Question

The moment-to-moment operation of the feed forward controller is ……………..

Question

Electrochemical impulses pass to the cell body through ……………………

Question

The myelin sheath envelops the axon except at the terminal endings and at the …………………..

Question

K+ ions diffuse out of the cell with greater ease than …………………………..

Question

Action potential is defined as the potential generated when ………………. tissues are stimulated resulting in the propagation of an impulse

Question

During the absolute refractory period there is no ………………of the nerve

Question

Myelin is an effective ………………. and current flow through it is negligible

Question

Another small compartment of extracellular fluid is referred to as………… fluid

Question

Substance frequently used to label the red blood cells is radioactive……………..

Question

Heme is decomposed into iron and ……………………….

Question

Growth and reproduction of the blood stem cell is controlled by multiple proteins called …………………

Question

The three cellular component of the blood originates from same primitive or …………………. haemopoietic stem cells

Question

The main stimulus for the production of erythropoietin is ……………. deficiency to the tissue.

Question

Macrophages have a powerful lysosomal ………….. which breaks down the lipid-rich cell membranes of many bacteria

Question

The A.B.O system is based on the presence of A, B, or A and B …………..

Question

Injury to the blood vessel wall creates a chemical called ……………….

Question

The ability of the human body to resist almost all type of organisms or toxic substances that tend to damage the tissue or organs is termed ………………….

Question

The resistance of the skin to invasion of organism is an example of …………….. immunity

Question

………………. immunity can also be transferred from a mother to a new-born via colostrum

Question

The ---------- circulation supplies blood to all the tissues of the body except the lungs

Question

Cardiac muscle cells are electrically coupled to one another, which allow the heart to contract as a unit (a functional …………………….)

Question

Pacemaker cells are found in the sinoatrial (SA) and --------------- nodes

Question

The cardiac events that occur from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next are called the ………………………

Question

………. diagram is a standard diagram in cardiovascular physiology to illustrate the haemodynamic consequences of cardiac cycle

Question

……………..is a trans thoracic interpretation of the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, as detected by electrodes attached to the outer surface of the skin and recorded by a device external to the body

Question

Electrical impulses of the heart are in form of waves of depolarization and ………..

Question

On an ECG, the …………… begins at the onset of the QRS complex and ends at the end of the T wave

Question

…………….. is defined as the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle per minute