BIO217 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question: _____ was the first to grow bacteria on solid culture media to getpure culture. Answer: Robert Koch Question: _____ deals with the discovery of microbial enzymes and the chemical reactions they carry out. Answer: Biochemistry Question: The branch of Microbiology which studies the structures of microbial cells is called ____. Answer: Microbial Cytology Question: _____ are essential animal nutritional factors. Answer: Vitamins Question: Protists which have different forms at different stages of theirlife cycles are called _____. Answer: Slime Moulds Question: Protozoa are normally found in __ habitat. Answer: moist Question: Protozoa exist in free living and _____forms. Answer: symbiotic Question: _____ is a plant hormone is formed by the fungus. Answer: Gibberellic acid Question: The avoidance of infection and food spoilage by eliminating microorganisms from the surrounding is termed ____. Answer: hygiene Question: Microorganisms from the surroundings can be totally removed by_____ method. Answer: Sterilization Question: Microbes are used in biogas reactions to produce _____. Answer: Methane Answer: natural gas Question: The bacteria ______ recover copper and uranium from their ores. Answer: Thiobacillus feroxidans Question: Biological warfare is otherwise known as _____ warfare. Answer: Germ Question:
An increase in the number of cells in a population of microorganisms is referred to as _______. Answer: growth Question: In microbes that have cell walls, the membrane shrinks away from the cell wall by a process called ___. Answer: plasmolysis Question: The use of incinerator is an example of ____ sterilization. Answer: Dry heat Question:
The killing, inhibition or removal of organisms that may be capable of causing disease is termed _____. Answer: disinfection Question: Bacteria are 0.5 to ____ μm in diameter. Answer: 1.0 Question: Based on their source of nutritive energy, bacteria are classified as ___ and ____. Answer: Phototrophs, Chemotrophs Answer: Chemotrophs, Phototrophs Question: Bacterial cell wall is made up of _____. Answer: peptidoglycan Question: Bacteria are classified based on differences in the ___ of cell wall Answer: composition Question: ____ act as protection against drying and bacteriophages Answer: Capsules Answer: Capsule Question: Fungi comprise the molds, mushrooms and ____. Answer: yeasts Question: The vegetative structure of a fungus is called ____. Answer: thallus Question: _____ are the most numerous microorganisms on earth. Answer: Viruses Question: ____ can be used for detecting and isolating mutants. Answer: replace planting Question:
A _____ is a strain of any cell carrying a change in the nucleotide sequence. Answer: mutant Question: Paramecium moves rapidly by ___ beating of the cilia. Answer: rhythmic Question: Classification of Protozoa is by the use of ____. Answer: general characterisrics Question: Phytomastigophora are divided into __ groups. Answer: two Answer: 2 Question: The Rhodophycophyta are found in the ___ habitat. Answer: aquatic Question: The fungal cell is usually enclosed in a cell wall of _____. Answer: chitin Question: Yeasts reproduce sexually through _____. Answer: spore formation Question: In Fungi, hyphae with cross walls are called _____. Answer: septate Question: In Fungi, hyphae without cross walls are called _____. Answer: coenocytic Answer: aseptate Question: Obligate anaerobic fungi are found in the ____. Answer: rumen of cattle Question: Asexual reproduction is also called _____ reproduction Answer: somatic Answer: vegetative Question: The sex organelles of fungi are called _____. Answer: gametangia Question: _____ are important research tools in the study of fundamentalProcesses. Answer: Fungi Question: The most numerous microorganisms on earth are _____. Answer: Viruses Question: The smallest viruses are a little larger than ____. Answer: ribosomes Question: Virus particles can be counted indirectly by the ____ assay. Answer: hemagglutination Question: Nutrition in protozoa is _____, Answer: heterotrophic Question: ______ are used to degrade biological and industrial effluents. Answer: Protozoa Answer: Protozoans Question: An an open culture is also called a ____ culture. Answer: continuous Question: Two major types of continuous culture system commonly used are chemostats and _____. Answer: turbidostats Question: Microbial growth measurement helps to determine the growth rate and_____. Answer: generation time Question: The total number of microbial cells can be achieved by using ____ methods Answer: direct count Question: The amount of water available to microorganism is expressed in terms of the _____. Answer: water activity Answer: aw Question: Moist heat sterilization involves the use of _____. Answer: Autoclave Question: Which of the following is not a characteristic of the mycobacterium? Answer: they are either anaerobes or preferentially anaerobic Question: Which of the following is not a feature of the Endospore form gram – positive bacteria? Answer: they have a fermentative type of metabolism Question: Which of the following bacteria is associated with plant roots, nitrogen fixation? Answer: Azospirillum Question: Which of the following is not a microbial taxonomic rank? Answer: Number of children in a family Question: The following processes result in variation in microorganisms except _____. Answer: gene association Question: The following are external structure of a bacterial cell wall except ____. Answer: spores Question: The following are physiological and metabolic characteristics used in classifying microorganisms except ____. Answer: osmotic concentration Question: Which of the following radiation types induces the formation of thymine dimmers and strand breaks in DNA? Answer: ultraviolet radiation Question: Which of the following classes of microorganisms has growth optima around 20° C to 45° C? Answer: Mesophiles Question: Atmospheric nitrogen is directly useable by most organisms but has to be converted to stable organic form such as ____ and ____ Answer: Ammonium and Nitrate Question: Which of the following statements is not correct about raw data? Answer: it lacks heterogeneity Question: The microscope used to observe living unstained cells and organisms as a result of change in the way they are illuminated is ___. Answer: Dark field microscope Question: The following are types of staining except ___. Answer: Chemical fix staining Question: A biological weapon may be used to ___ a person. Answer: All of the options Question: The following are types of microbial warfare agent except __. Answer: algae Question: Microorganisms possess the following characteristics except___. Answer: reproduction by binary fusion Question: shapes of bacterial cells except _____. Answer: radial Question: The following are flagella types except ____. Answer: Limphotrichous Question: The following are types of asexual spores in fungi except ____. Answer: Chemydospores Question: The following are methods of sexual reproduction in fungi except _____. Answer: Genital copulation Question: Molds and yeasts are used in the production of the following except ____. Answer: soy-milk Question: Molds and yeasts are important research tools in the study of the following fundamental processes except ___. Answer: medicine Question: Viruses differ from living cells in the following ways except ___. Answer: they have both DNA and RNA in almost all virons Question: The following are characteristic of viruses except ______. Answer: they range in size from 20-400µm Question: The following are types of capsid symmetry except ____. Answer: isohedral Question: The following are characteristic of algae except ______. Answer: they are prokaryotic organisms Question: __ is not an economic product derived from algal cell wall. Answer: Succinate Question: The following are locomotory organelles in protozoa except __. Answer: Lenticels Question: The following are means of reproduction in prokaryotes except ___. Answer: binary fusion Question: ___ is not a step of septation Answer: linkage of the Z ring to the septum Question: The following are phases of microorganisms’ growth curve except ___. Answer: Lap Question: The following are methods of measuring total cell number of organisms except _____. Answer: spectrophotometry Question: The following are disadvantages of the viable counting methods except ____. Answer: they are simple technique sensitive Question: Prokaryotes that have growth optima between 80ºC and 115ºC are called ____. Answer: Hyperthermophiles Question: ___ is not a physical method used for sterilization. Answer: high temperature Question: Autoclaving uses ___ under pressure. Answer: Steam Question: The following are characteristics of an ideal disinfectant except _____. Answer: it must have a high surface tension Question: ___ are used as disinfectants in hospital and laboratories. Answer: Phenolics Question: ___ can both sterilize and disinfect. I. formaldehydes II. alcohols III. glutaraldehydes Answer: I and III Question: ____ is not a method used in the classic approach to taxonomy. Answer: Genetic Question: ___ is not a characteristic used in the classic approach to determining microbial taxonomy and phylogeny Answer: biochemical Question: The following are the genera of the Spirochetes except ___. Answer: Brucella Question: Aerobic bacteria whose cell walls contain large amounts of lipids are called ___ bacteria Answer: Coryne Question: Gram-negative, non-phototrophic bacteria that obtain energy for CO2 fixation from the oxidation of Ammonia are known as __ bacteria. Answer: Chemolithotrophic Question: Divisions within Bergey Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is based on the following characteristics except ___. Answer: cell size Question: Volume ____ bacteria are made up of bacteria with unusual properties based on the Bergey Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Answer: 3 Question: __ are the earliest and simplest group of fungi. Answer: Chytridiomycetes Question: __ are tiny unicellular parasites of animals and plants. Answer: Microsporidea Question: Systematic classification of fungi is based on ___. I. sequence analyses of 185 r RNA II some protein coding genes. III. Characteristics of sexual spores. Answer: I, II and III Question: Single cells, filamentous algae with pale green or yellow green pigments are known as ___. Answer: Xanthophycophyta