ESM424 Tma Solutions
1. An ecological pyramid indicates energy passing along from ________ organisms to carnivores at the top of the chain.
—>> autotrophics
feeders
producers
consumers
2. The _______ components of the fresh water environment consists of the water and substances.
living
—>> non-living
detritus
all of the above
3. ________ contribute to the energy transfer by breaking down detritus
carnivores
omnivores
—>> decomposers
decayers
4. Micro-organisms which depend on the remains of the producers and consumers for survival are ________.
carnivores
omnivores
—>> decomposers
decayers
5. Consumers who feed directly on the producers are mainly ________
super
consumers
—>> omnivores
consumivores
6. Organisms that feed from primary producers are less in number, usually because they require more than one portion of _____ per meal as a means of fulfilling nutritional requirements for a larger organism.
—>> prey
plants
food
minerals
7. Few secondary consumers are eaten by an even smaller amount of _______ consumers in a food chain.
higher
—>> tertiary
primary
eating
8. _______ feed indirectly on the omnivores.
feeders
consumers
omnivorers
—>> carnivores
9. Sometimes the pyramid diagram of a food chain can be ________ usually in the case of parasites and hyper-parasites, where many smaller organisms rely on much larger organisms as a means of food and survival.
flat
reversed
incomplete
—>> inversed
10. Organisms at the bottom of the food chain are usually the smallest in ______ but not always, and are almost inevitably the largest in number.
age
ratio
height
—>> size
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